Optimizing Energy Structure and Promoting Green Development as Major Energy Exporting Countries in the Middle East
2023/9/5
Gradually becoming a trend
According to the Gulf Times, in 2026, Saudi Arabia will invest $8.4 billion to build the world's largest green hydrogen manufacturing plant in the Saudi New Future City on the Red Sea. Saudi Arabian officials claim that this factory utilizes solar and wind energy to produce green hydrogen and is expected to achieve a daily production of 600 tons by the end of 2026.
According to the National News of the United Arab Emirates, the UAE Cabinet has approved the new versions of the UAE Energy Strategy 2050 and the National Hydrogen Energy Strategy. Sultan, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology of the United Arab Emirates and President designate of the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference, stated that the UAE is committed to becoming a major producer of low hydrocarbons by 2031.
Oman's national news agency reported that in August, Oman welcomed the world's first liquefied hydrogen transport ship, the "Shuisu Frontier", at Kabus Port in Muscat, Sudan. It is seen as an experimental station to promote research and development in the hydrogen field. The International Energy Agency stated in a report released in June that Oman is expected to become the world's largest exporter of green hydrogen by 2030.
Green hydrogen is a hydrogen production equipment that converts electricity generated from renewable energy into hydrogen energy through electrolysis of water. The production process only produces water, and carbon emissions can reach net zero. Green hydrogen may be used for a long time in high pollution industries such as transportation, shipping, and steel.
Zhang Chuchu, Associate Professor of the School of International Relations and Public Affairs at Fudan University and Deputy Director of the Middle East Research Center, stated that the current development of hydrogen energy in Gulf countries is characterized by strong investment, advanced industrial planning, accelerated commercial applications, and coordinated development among regional countries. The initial investment of Gulf countries in the field of hydrogen energy development has been considerable, gradually establishing a large-scale hydrogen energy industry chain, and may become a major global export base for hydrogen energy.
Seeking innovation and change
Zhang Chuchu analyzed that in the context of the global carbon reduction movement, countries are increasingly emphasizing the diversification of energy consumption. Traditional energy consumption is facing a "ceiling" effect, and the global energy center status of Gulf countries is being challenged. In order to reverse this unfavorable situation, Gulf countries have turned to vigorously developing new energy sources, including green hydrogen.
Gulf countries believe that green hydrogen is crucial for maintaining their position as a major energy power, allowing them to continue to exert influence despite declining demand for fossil fuels, "said Karim Ergenty, associate researcher at the Chatham Institute think tank in the UK.
The development of green hydrogen in Gulf countries has obvious advantages, "Zhang Chuchu pointed out. Firstly, Gulf countries have vast deserts, sufficient sunlight, and strong wind power, providing superior conditions for the development of green hydrogen; Secondly, Gulf countries have financial advantages and can invest the dividends of traditional energy into clean energy development, thereby transforming traditional advantages into new development opportunities; Thirdly, Gulf countries have established a relatively complete industrial chain and sales network in the traditional energy field, laying the foundation for hydrogen energy construction.
It is worth noting that there are still significant challenges in the development of green hydrogen in Gulf countries. Severe weather conditions such as sandstorms may affect the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, thereby interfering with the production of hydrogen energy. For example, traditional energy prices in Gulf countries are low, market acceptance is high, and people have less motivation to use new energy. Therefore, the civilian use of hydrogen energy still has a long way to go, "said Zhang Chuchu.
Far-reaching impact
Francisco Lacamera, Director General of the International Renewable Energy Agency, said, "Although hydrogen is not a 'new oil', it will still have revolutionary impacts on politics, technology, the environment, and the economy
Prakash Sharma, research director at Wood McKenzie, pointed out: Countries are accelerating the expansion of renewable energy electricity installations and moving towards emission reduction targets while maintaining energy security. It is expected that by 2050, with nearly zero global emissions achieved, the international trade volume of low-carbon hydrogen and its derivatives will significantly increase, and may even account for one-third of the global maritime energy trade share. As a result, the global energy trade pattern is expected to undergo significant changes
The construction of green hydrogen means that major energy exporting countries in the Middle East are optimizing their energy structure, shifting from relying on traditional petrochemical energy to diversified energy exports. This not only promotes the upgrading of the industrial structure in the Middle East region, but also helps to build the Middle East into a global energy center driven by both traditional and green energy. "Zhang Chuchu stated that as an important global energy producer, the Middle East actively adjusts its energy structure, It will be beneficial for developed regions to import hydrogen energy, reduce carbon emissions, and respond to global climate change. At the same time, with the declining ability of developed countries to provide public goods in global climate change governance, Middle Eastern countries are actively transforming their energy development strategies, which can help strengthen their position in global climate change governance.
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